Botany by James D. Mauseth & James D. Mauseth

Author:James D. Mauseth & James D. Mauseth [Mauseth, James D.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Published: 2016-07-05T22:00:00+00:00

mRNA Translation

Initiation of Translation

The synthesis of a protein molecule by ribosomes under the guidance of mRNA is called translation. Protein synthesis begins with a complex initiation process involving the start codon AUG. This codes for the amino acid methionine, but two types of tRNA actually carry methionine, and they have different properties. One, called initiator tRNA, binds to the ribosome small subunit even before any mRNA is present (FIGURE 15-13). Several initiation factors, mostly proteins called eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), also bind to the small subunit. In this condition, the complex is competent to bind to mRNA, after which the large subunit of the ribosome binds to the complex and the initiation factors are released. Just how mRNA is recognized is not known, but the initiator tRNA is important for finding the AUG start codon and positioning the small subunit.

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