Nipple Sparing Mastectomy by Alberta Ferrari Adele Sgarella & Sandro Zonta

Author:Alberta Ferrari, Adele Sgarella & Sandro Zonta
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Milan, Milano

Lens and Focus Ring

Before the image from the endoscope reaches the photo CCD, it is focused by a lens placed in front of the CCD. A focus ring allows the surgeon to make adjustments to the distance between the lens and the CCD so that the focus of the observed object in the image can be kept sharp. The newest systems have an autofocus mechanism that controls the lens in response to changes in the observed image. If the camera is fitted with a mechanical zoom the focal length of the camera can be adjusted. By moving the CCD and focusing lens away from the eyepiece lens of the endoscope the image can be magnified, however, the field of view reduced. The majority of camera systems utilize a digital zoom, which means that the image processor in the camera control unit simply magnifies each pixel. Thus although the image may appear magnified the resolution is diminished, leading to a decrease in the quality of the image, which becomes more apparent the more the zoom is used.

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